THE PHILADELPHIA EMERGENCY-PREPAREDNESS OFFICE, officially called the Emergency Preparedness and Bioterrorism Program, is part of the city Department of Public Health. It provides information about biological, chemical and radiological agents, shelter and evacuation procedures and other general information. It was recently criticized for not having an adequate emergency plan in place.

THE PHILADELPHIA POLICE COUNTER-TERRORISM UNIT was established in 2002 in response to the 9/11 attacks. It has an investigative arm that looks into suspected domestic and international terrorism in Philadelphia, and an educational component to train the department's first responders as well as civic groups. It also has an Arab-English tip hotline.

THE U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, has a Violent Crimes Terrorism and Immigrations Section that coordinates the federal law response to international and domestic terrorism threats and directs the state, federal and local Anti Terrorism Task Force (ATTF).

FBI, PHILADELPHIA DIVISION, investigates air piracy, terrorism, foreign counterintelligence, and other violations of federal statutes. The office heads the Philadelphia Joint Terrorism Task Force, working in conjunction with the city police.

THE NEUMANN COLLEGE PROGRAM ON INTELLIGENCE STUDIES is a new certificate program modeled after courses taught at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center and used by the FBI, DEA and Homeland Security. Designed for law enforcement officers, intelligence analysts, private security and public safety personnel, it includes a Terrorism course "designed to provide students with an understanding of the concepts of terrorism, both domestic and international."

THE JERRY LEE CENTER ON CRIMINOLOGY at the University of Pennsylvania consults with police agencies around the world about their best practices for investigating and preventing terrorist violence.

THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

Has faculty specialists including the editor of a forthcoming book, "Terror, Insurgency and the State," and another professor who is executive director of the Century Foundation's Project on Federalism and Homeland Security.

VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL has a scholar who has served as consultant to the International Task Force on Prevention of Nuclear Terrorism and is a member of the Editorial Board of Terrorism and Political Violence. His books include "State Support of International Terrorism: Legal, Political, and Economic Dimensions," "Punishing International Terrorists: The Legal Framework for Policy Initiatives," "The United Nations and the Control of International Violence: A Legal and Political Analysis," and "Legal Aspects of International Terrorism: Summary Report of an International Conference."

THE FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE has scholars who research pressing issues including the war on terrorism and as the roles of religion and ethnicity in international politics. Recent work includes "Special Operations Forces and the War on Terrorism," by Michael Vickers

THE MIDDLE EAST FORUM is a local think tank whose goal is to define and promote American interests in the Middle East, including the fight against radical Islam.